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Phenol, with the chemical formula C6H5OH, is
an aromatic organic compound. Here are some details about phenol:
1. Chemical Structure: Phenol consists of a benzene ring (C6H5) with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to it. This hydroxyl group is what gives phenol its characteristic properties.
2. Physical Properties:
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Appearance: Phenol is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It can
also be a colorless liquid.
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Odor: It has a distinct, sweet, medicinal odor.
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Melting Point: Phenol melts at around 40-42°C.
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Boiling Point: Its boiling point is approximately 182°C.
3. Solubility: Phenol is soluble in water to some extent, forming a weakly acidic solution. It is more soluble in organic solvents like ether, chloroform, and alcohol.
4. Reactivity: Phenol is weakly acidic due to the presence of the hydroxyl group. It can undergo reactions typical of alcohols, such as esterification and oxidation. Additionally, phenol can react with certain reagents to form aromatic compounds and undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
5. Uses:
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Industrial Applications: Phenol is a precursor to many industrial chemicals,
including plastics, synthetic resins, and pharmaceuticals. It is used in the
production of phenolic resins, which are important adhesives and coatings.
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Pharmaceuticals: Phenol has antiseptic properties and has been historically
used as a disinfectant and topical analgesic. However, its use in this regard
has diminished due to its toxicity.
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Organic Synthesis: Phenol is a versatile building block in organic synthesis,
participating in numerous reactions to produce various compounds.
6. Toxicity: Phenol is toxic and can be harmful if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It can cause irritation, burns, and systemic toxicity. Therefore, proper safety precautions must be observed when handling phenol.
Phenol is an important compound in both industrial and laboratory settings, with a wide range of applications in various industries, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and materials science.
If you need further information or have specific questions, feel free to ask!