Here
are the details about n-butanol (CAS# 71-36-3):
Chemical Properties:
- Chemical Formula: C₄H₉OH
- Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol
- Structural Formula:
CH₃(CH₂)₃OH
- IUPAC Name: Butan-1-ol
- Common Names: n-Butanol,
1-Butanol, Butyl alcohol
Physical Properties:
- Appearance: Colorless liquid
- Odor: Characteristic
alcoholic odor
- Density: 0.81 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Melting Point: -89.8°C
- Boiling Point: 117.7°C
- Solubility: Miscible with
water, ethanol, ether, acetone; slightly soluble in non-polar solvents
Chemical Characteristics:
- Functional Group: Hydroxyl
(-OH) attached to a straight-chain butyl group (CH₃(CH₂)₃-)
- Acidity (pKa): ~16
- Basicity (pKb): ~13
- Reactivity: Generally stable
under normal conditions; undergoes oxidation to form butanal and further
to butanoic acid.
Uses:
- Industrial: Used as a solvent
in paints, coatings, varnishes, and resins.
- Chemical Intermediates: Used
in the production of plasticizers, detergents, and pharmaceuticals.
- Fuel: Used in fuel blends and
as a biofuel feedstock.
- Personal Care: Used in
cosmetics and personal care products.
Safety and Handling:
- Toxicity: Moderate acute
toxicity; can cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.
Prolonged exposure may affect the central nervous system.
- Flammability: Flammable
liquid; forms flammable vapor-air mixtures.
- Storage: Store in a cool,
well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames.
Production:
- Synthesis: Produced by the
hydroformylation of propylene followed by hydrogenation to yield
n-butanol.
- Yield: High yield process due
to efficient production methods.
Environmental Impact:
- Biodegradability:
Biodegradable in the environment over time.
- Ecotoxicity: Low
environmental toxicity; does not pose significant risks to aquatic
organisms.
n-Butanol
is valued for its solvent properties and its role as a chemical intermediate in
various industrial processes. Its applications span across industries including
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal care, and fuel blending.
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