Here
are the details about methanol (CAS# 67-56-1):
Chemical Properties:
- Chemical Formula: CH₃OH
- Molecular Weight: 32.04 g/mol
- Structural Formula: CH₃-OH
- IUPAC Name: Methanol
- Common Names: Methyl alcohol,
Wood alcohol
Physical Properties:
- Appearance: Colorless,
volatile liquid
- Odor: Slightly sweet, similar
to ethanol (but toxic)
- Density: 0.7918 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Melting Point: -97.6°C
- Boiling Point: 64.7°C
- Solubility: Miscible with
water, ethanol, ether, acetone; slightly soluble in non-polar solvents
Chemical Characteristics:
- Functional Group: Hydroxyl
(-OH)
- Acidity (pKa): 15.5
- Basicity (pKb): 8.2
- Reactivity: Reacts with
strong acids to form methyl esters; undergoes oxidation to formaldehyde
and formic acid.
Uses:
- Industrial: Used as a
solvent, fuel, and as a raw material in the production of formaldehyde,
acetic acid, and various chemicals.
- Laboratory: Common solvent in
organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.
- Fuel: Used in fuel blends,
especially in racing cars and certain industrial applications.
- Antifreeze: Component in
antifreeze formulations.
Safety and Handling:
- Toxicity: Highly toxic if
ingested or inhaled; can cause blindness and organ damage.
- Flammability: Highly
flammable liquid; forms explosive mixtures with air.
- Storage: Store in tightly
closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks,
and flames.
Production:
- Synthesis: Produced
industrially by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide or by the
destructive distillation of wood.
- Yield: High yield process due
to its efficient production methods.
Environmental Impact:
- Biodegradability:
Biodegradable in the environment over time.
- Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic
organisms; can cause harm if released into water bodies.
Methanol
is an important industrial chemical with widespread use in various sectors, but
its toxicity requires careful handling and safety precautions during storage,
transportation, and use.
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