Hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) is a clear, colorless liquid with a slightly sharp odor.
1.
Chemical Name: Hydrogen Peroxide
2.
Chemical Formula: H2O2
3.
CAS Number: 7722-84-1
4.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 34.01 g/mol
5.
Appearance: Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 50% is a clear, colorless
liquid.
6.
Concentration: Hydrogen peroxide solutions are available in various
concentrations, typically ranging from 3% to 90%. For this instance, we'll
focus on the 50% concentration.
7. Physical Properties:
- Density: The density of hydrogen peroxide
solution (50%) is approximately 1.20 g/cm³.
- Boiling Point: Hydrogen peroxide
decomposes before boiling, with decomposition accelerating at higher
concentrations and temperatures.
- Solubility: Hydrogen peroxide is miscible
with water in all proportions.
8. Production:
- Hydrogen peroxide is typically produced
through the anthraquinone process or the auto-oxidation of alkyl
anthraquinones.
- In the anthraquinone process, hydrogen
peroxide is synthesized from hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst
and an anthraquinone derivative.
- The auto-oxidation of alkyl anthraquinones
involves the reaction of an alkyl anthraquinone with air or oxygen to produce
hydrogen peroxide.
9. Uses:
- Bleaching Agent: Hydrogen peroxide is
used as a bleaching agent in the textile, paper, and pulp industries to remove
stains and whiten fabrics and paper products.
- Disinfectant and Antiseptic: Hydrogen
peroxide solutions are used as disinfectants and antiseptics for wound
cleaning, oral hygiene, and surface disinfection.
- Oxidizing Agent: Hydrogen peroxide is
used as an oxidizing agent in various chemical processes, including the
synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds.
- Water Treatment: Hydrogen peroxide is
used in water treatment processes for oxidation, disinfection, and removal of
organic and inorganic contaminants.
- Rocket Propellant: Hydrogen peroxide is
used as a propellant in rocket engines and propulsion systems, particularly in
high-concentration formulations.
10. Safety:
- Hydrogen peroxide solutions can cause
skin and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of vapors may also cause
respiratory irritation.
- Proper handling procedures, including the
use of gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, should be followed when
working with hydrogen peroxide solutions.
- Hydrogen peroxide solutions should be
stored in tightly sealed containers away from heat, sunlight, and incompatible
materials.
- Spills should be promptly cleaned up
using appropriate absorbent materials and safety equipment, and diluted with
water to reduce concentration.
- Hydrogen peroxide solutions should be
used in well-ventilated areas to minimize exposure to vapors.
This detailed overview provides comprehensive information about hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 50%, including its chemical properties, production methods, uses, and safety considerations.
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