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Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a highly
corrosive, colorless to slightly yellowish solution of hydrogen chloride gas in
water. It is a strong mineral acid with numerous industrial, commercial, and
laboratory applications.
Here are the details of Hydrochloric Acid along with its CAS number:
Chemical formula: HCl
Molecular weight: 36.46 g/mol
Density: 1.18 g/cm³ (concentrated)
Melting point: -114.22 °C (-173.60 °F; 159.93
K)
Boiling point: -85.05 °C (-121.09 °F; 188.10
K)
Solubility in water: Highly soluble, forming
a highly acidic solution
Hydrochloric acid is composed of hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-). It is produced industrially by the reaction of chlorine gas (Cl2) with hydrogen gas (H2) or by the dissolution of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl) in water.
Here are some common uses of Hydrochloric Acid:
1. Chemical Manufacturing; Hydrochloric acid is used in the production of various chemicals, including chlorine, PVC (polyvinyl chloride), pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, dyes, and pigments. It is also used as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions.
2. Steel Pickling: Hydrochloric acid is used in the steel industry for pickling or cleaning steel surfaces before further processing, such as galvanizing, plating, or painting. It removes rust, scale, and other impurities from the surface of steel.
3. pH Adjustment: Hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH levels of industrial processes, wastewater treatment systems, and swimming pools. It neutralizes alkaline solutions and helps maintain the desired acidity or alkalinity.
4. Food Processing: Hydrochloric acid is used in the food industry for various purposes, including the production of food additives, preservatives, and flavor enhancers. It is also used for cleaning and sanitizing food processing equipment and facilities.
5. Laboratory Use: Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in laboratories for chemical analysis, titrations, and pH measurements. It is a versatile reagent and solvent for various analytical and synthetic chemistry applications.
6. Oil and Gas Industry: Hydrochloric acid is used in the oil and gas industry for well acidizing, stimulation, and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations. It helps dissolve carbonate minerals and open up channels in the reservoir rock for improved oil and gas recovery.
Hydrochloric acid is valued for its strong acidity, solubility, and effectiveness in various industrial processes. However, it is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns, eye damage, and respiratory irritation if not handled properly. Proper safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, ventilation, and dilution protocols, should be followed when working with hydrochloric acid.
If you need further information or have specific questions, feel free to ask!