Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is a colorless,
odorless, and sweet-tasting liquid commonly used as an antifreeze and coolant
in automotive, heating, and cooling systems. Here are some details about
ethylene glycol:
1. Chemical Formula: C2H6O2
2. CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) Number: 107-21-1
3. Molecular Weight: Approximately 62.07
g/mol
4. Physical Properties:
-
Appearance: Ethylene glycol is a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid at room
temperature.
-
Density: Approximately 1.1136 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F).
-
Melting Point: -12.9°C (8.8°F)
-
Boiling Point: 197.3°C (387.1°F)
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Solubility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents.
5. Chemical Properties:
-
Ethylene glycol is a diol, consisting of two hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to
a two-carbon chain.
- It
is a polar molecule due to the presence of the hydroxyl groups, which makes it
highly soluble in water and other polar solvents.
-
Ethylene glycol can undergo various chemical reactions, including oxidation to
form glycolic acid and further oxidation to form oxalic acid.
6. Production:
-
Ethylene glycol is primarily produced by the hydration of ethylene oxide, which
is derived from ethylene, a petrochemical derived from petroleum or natural
gas.
-
The hydration reaction is typically catalyzed by either acidic or basic
catalysts to produce monoethylene glycol (MEG), the simplest form of ethylene
glycol.
7. Uses:
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Antifreeze and Coolant: Ethylene glycol is widely used as an antifreeze and
coolant in automotive engines, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems to prevent freezing and overheating.
-
Deicing Agent: It is used as a deicing agent for aircraft, runways, and roads
to melt ice and snow during winter months.
-
Humectant: Ethylene glycol is used as a humectant in personal care products,
cosmetics, and food products to retain moisture and prevent drying.
-
Solvent: It serves as a solvent for various applications, including inks,
paints, coatings, and chemical synthesis processes.
-
Dehydrating Agent: Ethylene glycol is used as a dehydrating agent in natural
gas processing and in the production of certain polymers and resins.
8. Health and Safety:
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Ethylene glycol is toxic if ingested and can cause serious health effects,
including central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis, kidney damage,
and death.
-
Inhalation of vapor or prolonged skin contact can also be harmful, leading to
irritation of the respiratory tract and skin.
-
Ethylene glycol poisoning requires immediate medical attention, and treatment
may include administration of antidotes and supportive care.
-
Proper handling, storage, and personal protective equipment (PPE), such as
gloves and goggles, should be used to minimize exposure to ethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol is a valuable chemical with diverse industrial and commercial applications, particularly as an antifreeze and coolant. However, its toxicity requires careful handling and safety precautions to ensure safe usage.
If you need further information or have specific questions, feel free to ask!