Here
are the details for diethanolamine, which has the molecular formula
NH(CH₂CH₂OH)₂:
Chemical Information:
- Chemical Name: Diethanolamine
- CAS Number: 111-42-2
- Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₁NO₂
- Structure: Diethanolamine
consists of an amine group (NH) bonded to two ethanol groups (CH₂CH₂OH).
Physical Properties:
- Molecular Weight: 105.14
g/mol
- Appearance: Colorless to pale
yellow, viscous liquid or crystalline solid
- Odor: Ammonia-like odor
- Density: 1.097 g/cm³ at 20°C
- Melting Point: 28°C
- Boiling Point: 268°C
- Solubility: Miscible with
water, ethanol, and most organic solvents.
Chemical Properties:
- Reactivity: Diethanolamine is
a weak base and can react with acids to form salts. It can also undergo
reactions typical of alcohols and amines, such as esterification and
amination.
- Flammability: Not considered
highly flammable, but can decompose at high temperatures producing toxic
gases like nitrogen oxides.
Uses:
- Surfactants and Detergents:
Used in the manufacture of surfactants, soaps, and shampoos due to its
ability to form stable emulsions.
- Corrosion Inhibitors: Utilized
in metalworking fluids and other applications to prevent corrosion.
- Gas Scrubbing: Employed in
gas treatment processes to remove acid gases like carbon dioxide and
hydrogen sulfide.
- Pharmaceuticals and
Cosmetics: Used as an intermediate in the production of various
pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products.
- Other Applications: Found in
the production of agricultural chemicals, textile additives, and
polyurethane foams.
Safety Information:
- Hazards: Diethanolamine is an
irritant and can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Prolonged or
repeated exposure can lead to liver and kidney damage, and it is a
potential carcinogen.
- Handling: Should be handled
with proper protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and
protective clothing. Use in a well-ventilated area or fume hood to avoid
inhalation of vapors.
- Storage: Store in a cool, dry
place away from sources of ignition and incompatible materials like strong
acids and oxidizers. Containers should be kept tightly closed to prevent
contamination and evaporation.
Environmental Impact:
- Biodegradability:
Diethanolamine is biodegradable, but its degradation products can be
harmful to aquatic life.
- Ecotoxicity: It can be toxic
to aquatic organisms, and care should be taken to prevent its release into
the environment.
Regulatory Information:
- OSHA PEL: Not established
- ACGIH TLV: 2 mg/m³ (inhalable
fraction and vapor)
Diethanolamine
is widely used in various industrial and consumer products due to its
versatility and effectiveness. However, due to its potential health hazards, it
should be handled with care, and appropriate safety measures should be taken to
minimize exposure.
If you need further information or have specific questions, feel free to ask!
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