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Citric acid, with the chemical formula C6H8O7,
is a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits. Here are some details
about citric acid, along with its CAS number:
1. Chemical Structure: Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid, meaning it has three carboxylic acid functional groups (-COOH) attached to a central carbon atom. Its structure consists of a six-carbon chain with three carboxyl groups and one hydroxyl group.
2. CAS Number: The CAS number for citric acid is 77-92-9.
3. Physical Properties:
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Appearance: Citric acid is a white crystalline powder at room temperature.
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Taste: It has a sour taste, which is characteristic of many citrus fruits.
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Solubility: Citric acid is highly soluble in water.
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Melting Point: The melting point of citric acid is approximately 153°C.
4. Occurrence: Citric acid is naturally present in citrus fruits like lemons, limes, oranges, and grapefruits, as well as in some other fruits and vegetables. It is produced by the metabolism of various organisms, including fungi, bacteria, and plants.
5. Production: Citric acid is commercially produced by fermentation of carbohydrates, typically using strains of the fungus Aspergillus niger. Alternatively, it can be chemically synthesized from raw materials such as glucose.
6. Uses:
- Food
and Beverage Industry: Citric acid is widely used as a food additive and
flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry. It is used to add a sour or
acidic taste to products and is commonly found in soft drinks, candies, jams,
sauces, and processed foods.
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Pharmaceutical Industry: It is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a pH
adjuster, preservative, and excipient.
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Cosmetics and Personal Care Products: Citric acid is used in various cosmetic
and personal care products, including skincare products, shampoos, and soaps,
for its exfoliating and pH-balancing properties.
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Cleaning Products: Citric acid is employed in cleaning products as a chelating
agent to remove mineral deposits and as a pH adjuster.
7. Health Benefits: Citric acid is sometimes used as a natural preservative and antioxidant in food products. It also plays a role in the citric acid cycle, a key metabolic pathway in cells that generates energy.
Citric acid is a versatile compound with numerous industrial, culinary, and pharmaceutical applications, making it one of the most widely used organic acids in the world.
If you need further information or have specific questions, feel free to ask!