Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is
a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor and a sour taste. Here are some
details about acetic acid:
1. Chemical Formula: CH3COOH
2. CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) Number: 64-19-7
3. Molecular Weight: Approximately 60.05
g/mol
4. Physical Properties:
-
Appearance: Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature.
-
Odor: It has a strong, pungent odor that is characteristic of vinegar.
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Density: Approximately 1.049 g/cm³ at 20°C (68°F).
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Melting Point: 16.6°C (61.9°F)
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Boiling Point: 118.1°C (244.6°F)
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Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and other polar solvents.
5. Chemical Properties:
-
Acetic acid is a weak organic acid, with a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to a
methyl group (-CH3).
- It
is a polar molecule, capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water and other
polar solvents.
-
Acetic acid can undergo various chemical reactions, including esterification,
oxidation, and acid-base reactions.
6. Production:
-
Acetic acid is produced commercially through several methods, including
fermentation of sugars by acetic acid bacteria, oxidation of acetaldehyde, and
methanol carbonylation.
-
The primary method of industrial production is the methanol carbonylation
process, which involves the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide in the
presence of a catalyst such as rhodium or iridium.
7. Uses:
-
Vinegar Production: Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar, which is
produced by fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria.
-
Food Additive: It is used as a flavoring agent and food preservative in various
food products, including salad dressings, condiments, pickles, and sauces.
-
Chemical Intermediate: Acetic acid serves as a precursor for the synthesis of
numerous organic compounds, including vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, and
acetate esters, which are used in the production of plastics, fibers, and
pharmaceuticals.
-
Solvent: It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of paints, varnishes,
adhesives, and coatings, as well as in the production of pharmaceuticals and
personal care products.
-
Laboratory Reagent: Acetic acid is commonly used in laboratory settings for pH
adjustment, chemical reactions, and analytical procedures.
8. Health and Safety:
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Acetic acid is corrosive and can cause irritation, burns, and tissue damage
upon contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
-
Inhalation of acetic acid vapors can irritate the respiratory tract and cause
coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
-
Exposure to high concentrations of acetic acid vapor can be harmful and may
require immediate medical attention.
-
Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves,
goggles, and respiratory protection, should be used when handling acetic acid
to minimize exposure.
Acetic acid is a widely used chemical with various industrial, commercial, and household applications. However, its corrosive nature and potential health hazards require careful handling, storage, and safety precautions to ensure safe usage.
If you need further information or have specific questions, feel free to ask!